Parkinson's Disease

Understanding Parkinson’s Disease: What You Need to Know

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement, mood, and overall daily functioning. It occurs when nerve cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra become damaged or die. These cells produce dopamine—an important chemical that helps coordinate smooth and controlled muscle activity. As dopamine levels decline, symptoms begin to appear.

Common Symptoms

Parkinson’s disease looks different for everyone, but some of the most common signs include:

• Tremors (often starting in one hand)
• Muscle stiffness
• Slowed movement (known as bradykinesia)
• Changes in balance and posture
• Soft or slurred speech

Non-movement symptoms—such as sleep changes, depression, reduced sense of smell, or constipation—can also be early clues.

Who Does It Affect?

Although Parkinson’s most often develops after age 60, it can occur earlier. Genetics, environment, and age all play a role, but the exact cause remains unknown.

How Parkinson’s Is Managed

There is no cure yet, but treatments can significantly improve quality of life. Options may include:

• Medication to increase or mimic dopamine
• Physical, occupational, or speech therapy
• Lifestyle changes like regular exercise
• Surgical options such as deep brain stimulation for select patients

Living Well With Parkinson’s

A diagnosis of Parkinson’s can feel overwhelming, but many people continue to lead active, fulfilling lives for many years. Support from healthcare professionals, family, and community groups can make a meaningful difference.